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Uhlobo lwamandla kazibuthe anozibuthe oqinile

Izinhlobo zikaZibuthe zeSuper Strong Magnets: Uma ingekho inkambu kazibuthe yangaphandle, ngenxa yokushintshisana kwama-electron noma okunye ukusebenzisana phakathi kwama-athomu aseduze kusizinda sikazibuthe, izikhathi zawo kazibuthe zinqoba ithonya lokunyakaza okushisayo, omagnethi abanamandla bahleleka kancane, okuholela entweni ethile. umzuzu kazibuthe.Uma kusetshenziswa inkambu kazibuthe yangaphandle, ukuzibuthe kwayo kuyashintsha nenkundla kazibuthe yangaphandle efana naleyo yezinto ezisetshenziswa yi-ferromagnetic.I-Ferromagnetism kanye ne-antiferromagnetism kunesimo somzimba esifanayo, kodwa izikhathi kazibuthe ze-antiparallel kuma-ferromagnets zinobukhulu obuhlukile, ngakho-ke kukhona umzuzu ozibuthe osuka kancane, ofana ne-ferromagnet.Ama-Ferrites ngokuvamile ama-ferromagnets.

I-Diamagnetism yilapho izikhathi zikazibuthe zama-electron kuma-athomu ento zikhansela ngaphandle futhi umzuzu kazibuthe ohlangene unguziro.Kodwa laphoStrong Rare Earth Magnetszingaphansi kwenkundla kazibuthe yangaphandle, ukunyakaza kwe-electron orbital kuzoshintsha, futhi kukhiqize umzuzu omncane ozibuthe ohlangene ohlangothini oluphambene nendawo yangaphandle kazibuthe.Ngakho-ke uzibuthe oqinile umele izici kazibuthe zento futhi ukuba sengozini kuba inombolo encane kakhulu enegethivu.I-magnetic susceptibility isilinganiso somzuzu kazibuthe wento engaphansi kwendawo kazibuthe yangaphandle (eyaziwa ngokuthi i-magnetization) kuya kumandla kazibuthe, enophawu κ.Ukuba sengozini kwezinto ezivamile ze-antimagnetic cishe kususe ingxenye eyodwa ngesigidi (-10-6).

Ukuba nokwenzeka kazibuthe kwe-paramagnetism kuhle, 1 ~ 3 ubukhulu obukhulu kune-diamagnetism, u-X cishe u-10-5 ~ 10-3, uthobela umthetho kaCurie noma umthetho kaCurie-Weiss.Lapho kukhona ama-ion, ama-athomu noma ama-molecule angenawo amapheya e-electron ku-aUzibuthe Oqinile Ongapheli, kukhona umfutho we-spin angular kanye nomfutho we-orbital angular wama-electron, ngakho-ke kukhona izikhathi zikazibuthe ezijikelezayo kanye nezikhathi kazibuthe ze-orbital.Ngaphansi kwendawo kazibuthe yangaphandle, umzuzu wangempela ozibuthe ophazamisekile uzoqondiswa, ngaleyo ndlela ubonise i-paramagnetism.

 

Ozibuthe Bendandatho Eqinile


Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-12-2022